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A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses.
… Mutation … A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to … called mutagens, or infection by viruses. … Mutation, DNA Sequence, Germ Line, Gene … A mutation is a change in the …
Fact Sheets
Data used to estimate the cost of sequencing the human genome over time since the Human Genome Project.
… Institute (NHGRI) has tracked the costs associated with DNA sequencing performed at the sequencing centers funded by … as an important benchmark for assessing improvements in DNA sequencing technologies and for establishing the DNA sequencing capacity of the NHGRI Genome Sequencing …
Educational Resources
Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the structure of DNA within the cell nucleus.
… is the branch of genetics that studies the structure of DNA within the cell nucleus. … DNA, Nucleus, Chromosomes, Fluorescence In Situ … Chromosomes are microscopic structures containing DNA that reside within the nucleus of a cell. During cell …
Educational Resources
A promoter is a sequence of DNA needed to turn a gene on or off.
… Promoter … A promoter is a sequence of DNA needed to turn a gene on or off. … Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Enzyme, Gene, Gene Expression, Gene Regulation, … … A promoter, as related to genomics, is a region of DNA upstream of a gene where relevant proteins (such as RNA …
Educational Resources
Polymorphism involves one of two or more variants of a particular DNA sequence.
… involves one of two or more variants of a particular DNA sequence. … Base Pair, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Genotype, Mutation, Phenotype … Polymorphism, as … to the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence that can occur among different individuals or …
Research Funding
The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Pilot Project launched in September 2003 to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence.
… a public research consortium named the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) in September 2003 to carry out a … and new methods to identify functional sequences in DNA. On July 23-24, 2002, the NHGRI organized a workshop, … for finding various functional elements in human DNA. Prior to embarking upon the target selection, it was …
Educational Resources
A codon is a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.
… Codon … A codon is a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid. … Codon, DNA, Nucleotide, Genetic Code, ACGT, Gene, Base Pair … A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) …
Educational Resources
A tandem repeat is a sequence of two or more DNA base pairs that is repeated in such a way that the repeats lie adjacent to each other on the chromosome.
… Repeat … A tandem repeat is a sequence of two or more DNA base pairs that is repeated in such a way that the … … Base Pair, Chromosome, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), DNA Fingerprinting, Non-Coding DNA … A tandem repeat is a …
Educational Resources
Epigenetics is an emerging field of science that studies heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism.
… deactivation of genes without any change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. … Heritability, DNA, DNA Sequence, DNA Methylation … Epigenetics (also sometimes …
News Release
The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has created a detailed resource on the letters of life, DNA, identifying genes and regions that may regulate genes in the human and mouse genomes.
… regulation of our genes and genome … The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is a worldwide effort to … phase, the ENCODE Project has added millions of candidate DNA “switches” from the human and mouse genomes that appear … on, and a new registry that assigns a portion of these DNA switches to useful biological categories. The project …