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- Genome Technology Program2
- Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF) Consortium3
- Molecular Phenotypes of Null Alleles in Cells (MorPhiC)1
- NHGRI Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL)1
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Fact Sheet
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential molecule that performs many roles in the cell, from carrying the instructions to make proteins to regulating genes.
… have already identified over 150,000 unique mRNAs in human cells, which is over seven times the number of genes in the … a protein) that is found in a virus. When the mRNAs enter cells in the body, the cells use the mRNAs to produce virus proteins and display …
For Teachers
A microbiome is all of the genetic material found in a microbe, such as a bacterium, fungal cell or virus.
Educational Resources
A cytogeneticist is a geneticist who specializes in the study of chromosomes and the structure and function of the cell.
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Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the structure of DNA within the cell nucleus.
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Cloning is the process of making identical copies of an organism, cell, or DNA sequence.
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A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes.
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Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent.
… of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. Humans are diploid, and most of the body’s cells contain 23 chromosomes pairs. Human gametes (egg and sperm cells), however, contain a single set of chromosomes and are …
Educational Resources
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.
… are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. … Nucleotide, Genetic Code, DNA, … are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. A major function of nucleic acids involves … Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, encodes the information cells need to make proteins. A related type of nucleic acid, …
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A plasmid is a small, often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other cells.
… often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other cells. … Bacteria, Chromosome, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), … often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other cells. … Educational Resources …
Educational Resources
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle.
… … A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a …